关于南珠产业可持续发展的思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

符韶  邓陈茂  梁飞龙  童银洪  孙永敏 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(5):1-5

基于南珠产业的特色、优势、现状,针对其目前存在养殖环境恶化,珍珠贝生长慢、病害多、死亡大,珍珠单产低、质量差、品种单一、市场竞争力不强,产业效益下降、发展后劲不足等问题;提出实现南珠产业可持续健康发展的相应对策:进行科学规划,加强容量管理;加速良种选育与新品种开发;加强技术培训,推广规范化养殖;革新加工技术,提升市场竞争力;加大监管力度,规范市场秩序,扶强龙头企业;促进南珠产业向集约化、组织化方向发展。  相似文献   

象山港溶解无机氮环境容量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑军勇  毛新燕  生小萱  孙健安  江文胜 《海洋科学》2020,44(4):13-20

综合考虑凫溪、颜公河、郭巨大碶等10个陆源污染物入海口的影响,建立了象山港三维水质模型并对该海域溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen,DIN)时空分布进行了数值模拟。结合象山港海域功能区划要求,通过调整各入海口DIN最低排海浓度(Rmin)的取值范围设置了四类情境,基于排海通量最优化法计算了对应情境下象山港DIN的环境容量。结果表明,象山港DIN环境容量随Rmin的增大而减小,其范围介于127.16~274.17 t/a;同时Rmin的增大也导致各入海口DIN排海通量需要削减,按削减优先程度,可将各入海口划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四级,入海口所处海域水体半交换时间越长、DIN年排海通量越大,相应的削减优先程度越高。  相似文献   

Harnessing scientific and local knowledge to face climate change in small-scale fisheries     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Small-scale fisheries in developing regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change, but the assessment of climate-induced changes and impacts are often hampered by the data poor-situation of these social-ecological systems. Based on 40 years of scientific and local ecological knowledge, we provide a coherent narrative about the effects of a marine hotspot of climate change on a small-scale fishery across different geographical and temporal scales. We applied a mixed-methods approach to assess biophysical changes, social-ecological impacts, and the incremental spectrum of actions implemented at multiple levels to increase the adaptive capacity of a small-scale clam fishery. The warming hotspot here analyzed was the fastest-warming region in the South Atlantic Ocean. Long-term changes in wind intensity and direction were also noticeable at a regional scale. Both sea surface temperature and winds showed a clear shifting pattern in the late 1990 s. These climate-related stressors determined ecosystem and targeted population changes (e.g. clam mass mortalities, slow stock recovery rates after ecological shocks, habitat narrowing), and favored harmful algal bloom-forming organisms. Climate-induced drivers also affected the human component of the social-ecological system, preventing fishers from securing a fulltime livelihood and limiting the fishery economic potential. Adaptive responses at multiple levels provided some capacity to address climate change effects, and transformative pathways are being taken to adapt to climate-induced changes over the long-term. Transformative changes were fostered by the local perception of environmental change, shared narratives, sustained scientific monitoring programs, and the interaction between knowledge systems, facilitated by a bridging organization within a broader process of governance transformation. The combination of autonomous adaptations (based on linking social capital and fishery leaders agency) and government-led adaptations were essential to face the challenges imposed by climate change. Our results serve as a learning platform to anticipate threats and envision solutions to a wide range of small-scale fisheries in fast-warming regions worldwide.  相似文献   

1936年以来南京城市空间扩展特征研究     

郝丽莎  王晓歌  乔文怡  张莉 《地理研究》2019,38(4):911-925

城市交通网络的发展是城市空间扩展的重要表征和驱动力。以1936—2015年间6个代表性年份的城市交通地图为数据源,提取相应年份南京城市轴线图,利用基于空间句法的整合度、城市扩张强度（SS-EII）和智能度指数,分析1936年以来南京城市空间扩展趋势和特征,划分演化阶段,并分析城市加速扩张阶段的空间扩展质量。结果表明：① 南京城市空间扩展大体经历了滞缓（1936—1971年）、复兴（1971—1982年）和加速（1982—2015年）三个阶段,逐渐突破老城区,向西南、东北、南部和西北实现全方位空间扩展,形成多中心空间结构。② 加速阶段空间扩展质量总体较高,交通网络建设逐渐与用地扩张相协调,并开始引导城市空间多中心扩散,但各中心间有机联系不足,导致城市空间整体性和空间效率有所降低。③ 应进一步加强多中心间的交通联系,促进人口、经济有机疏散,并提高城市空间整体性。  相似文献   

Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Forage-livestock Balance of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau     

CAO Yanan  ZHANG Xianzhou  NIU Ben  HE Yongtao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):272-282

Livestock grazing is one of primary way to use grasslands throughout the world, and the forage-livestock balance of grasslands is a core issue determining animal husbandry sustainability. However, there are few methods for assessing the forage-livestock balance and none of those consider the dynamics of external abiotic factors that influence forage yields. In this study, we combine long-term field observations with remote sensing data and meteorological records of temperature and precipitation to quantify the impacts of climate change and human activities on the forage-livestock balance of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau for the years 2000 to 2016. We developed two methods: one is statical method based on equilibrium theory and the other is dynamic method based on non-equilibrium theory. We also examined the uncertainties and shortcomings of using these two methods as a basis for formulating policies for sustainable grassland management. Our results from the statical method showed severe overgrazing in the grasslands of all counties observed except Nyima (including Shuanghu) for the entire period from 2000 to 2016. In contrast, the results from the dynamic method showed overgrazing in only eight years of the study period 2000-2016, while in the other nine years alpine grasslands throughout the northern Tibetan Plateau were less grazed and had forage surpluses. Additionally, the dynamic method found that the alpine grasslands of counties in the northeastern and southwestern areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau were overgrazed, and that alpine grasslands in the central area of the plateau were less grazed with forage surpluses. The latter finding is consistent with field surveys. Therefore, we suggest that the dynamic method is more appropriate for assessment of forage-livestock management efforts in alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau. However, the statical method is still recommended for assessments of alpine grasslands profoundly disturbed by irrational human activities.  相似文献   

基于流域的陕西省水资源承载力研究          下载免费PDF全文

夏玮静  王宁练  沈月 《干旱区地理》2020,43(3):602-611

以陕西省9个流域为评价单元，基于宏观指标和综合指标构建水资源承载力综合评价模型。通过分析经济压力、人口压力、承载压力及协调指数，进而对研究区水资源承载力进行评价并探讨其时空分布特征。结果表明：（1） 陕西各流域水资源承载力差异较为明显，其中陕南最大，陕北次之，汉中最小。陕南地区的汉江和嘉陵江两个流域水资源丰富且降水充足, WI<0.6处于承载适宜阶段，但该流域水资源利用效率较低HI<0.6，流域人均用水量、万元GDP用水量以及农田灌溉亩均用水量均超过全省平均水平。陕北地区的河口—龙门、内流区以及北洛河三个流域水资源紧缺且存在水质性缺水问题，处于轻度超载阶段；而关中地区的渭河、泾河、龙门三门峡及伊洛河四个流域水资源供需矛盾随着人口与经济的增长进一步加剧，水资源承载力综合评价指标值WI >1.5，处于严重超载阶段。（2） 从承载压力指数分析可以看出，流域调水对缺水地区或经济中心城市的发展起到决定性作用。从丰水流域跨流域调水能解决地区性缺水问题，进而解决水资源危机所带来的社会经济可持续发展问题。(3) 基于水资源的自然资源属性，以流域为评价单元，其研究结果更符合自然规律，有利于实现流域间水资源的合理均衡和分配。  相似文献   

Zhangmu and Gyirong ports under the threat of glacial lake outburst flood     

MiaoMiao Qi  ShiYin Liu  YongPeng Gao 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):461-476

The Himalayas are prone to glacial lake outburst floods, which can pose a severe threat to downstream villages and infrastructure. The Zhangmu and Gyirong land treaty ports are located on the China-Nepal border in the central Himalayas. In recent years, the expansion of glacial lakes has increased the threat of these two port regions. This article describes the results of mapping the glacial lakes larger than 0.01 km² in the Zhangmu and Gyirong port regions and analyzes their change. It provides a comprehensive assessment of potentially dangerous glacial lakes and predicts the development of future glacial lakes. From 1988 to 2019, the glacial lakes in these port regions underwent "expansion", and moraine-dammed lakes show the most significant expansion trend. A total of eleven potentially dangerous glacial lakes are identified based on the assessment criteria and historical outburst events; most expanded by more than 150% from 1988 to 2019, with some by over 500%. The Cirenmaco, a moraine-dammed lake, is extremely prone to overtopping due to ice avalanches or the melting of dead ice in the dam. For other large lakes, such as the Jialongco, Gangxico and Galongco, ice avalanches may likely cause the lakes to burst besides self-destructive failure. The potential dangers of the Youmojianco glacial lakes, including lakes Nos. 9, 10 and 11, will increase in the future. In addition, the glacier-bed topography model predicts that 113 glacial lakes with a size larger than 0.01 km², a total area of 11.88 km² and a total volume of 6.37×10⁹ m³ will form in the study area by the end of the 21 century. Due to global warming, the glacial lakes in the Zhangmu and Gyirong port regions will continue to grow in the short term, and hence the risk of glacial lake outburst floods will increase.  相似文献   

海上风机吸力基础的水平受荷研究综述     

李大勇  陈庆剑  张雨坤  陈福全 《海洋工程》2020,38(4):137-147

吸力基础具有施工速度快、安装过程中受海况天气影响小且易于回收重复利用等优点,被广泛应用于海洋工程。当吸力基础作为海上风电塔架的基础时,常常承受较大的水平荷载,因此其水平承载力是设计的主控因素。介绍了海上风机基础的设计要求,分析了影响基础水平承载性状的因素,总结了吸力基础受水平单调荷载、水平循环荷载和不同荷载组合三个方面的研究现状。讨论了水平荷载的大小、水平加载的高度(偏心率)、循环荷载的频率、循环荷载的次数、循环荷载的幅值、循环荷载的方向性、竖向荷载对吸力基础水平承载性状的影响,考虑了水平荷载的非共线性,指出了目前研究的不足,明确了吸力基础水平承载性状进一步研究的方向,提出了供工程实践参考的建议。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘风沙土土壤水分特征与毛管水最大上升高度          下载免费PDF全文

郑博文  胡顺军  周智彬  王泽锋  李传金 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):1059-1066

为确定古尔班通古特沙漠南缘地下水深埋区毛管上升水的最大上升高度,对划分固沙植物水分来源提供理论依据,于2016年3月~2018年11月,采用中子仪法对试验地0~10 m土层土壤含水量进行观测,分析沙丘不同坡位土壤含水量的季节变化情况,并利用最大分子持水量与土壤含水量曲线交会法确定试验地毛管水的最大上升高度。结果表明：沙丘不同坡位0~130 cm土层的土壤含水量受外界气象因素影响较大,随季节变化规律明显;130 cm土层以下至570~760 cm土层为土壤含水量较为稳定的干沙层;而570~760 cm以下土层的土壤含水量主要受地下水水位波动和毛管上升水的影响,其含水量变化上界可看作是毛管水的最大上升高度。试验地的最大分子持水量为0.026 1 cm³·cm^-3,且沙丘不同坡位毛管水的最大上升高度分布在250~290 cm之间。  相似文献   

基于国际公路运输链的“一带一路”区域公路通达性分析     

李晓丽  吴威  刘玮辰 《地理研究》2020,39(11):2552-2567

国际公路运输作为“一带一路”倡议之互联互通的重要部分,是沿线国家经贸往来的重要载体。本文基于国际公路运输链的角度,结合行车时间和通关耗时,从公路通行能力和通行便捷性两方面分析“一带一路”区域公路通达性。研究表明：① “一带一路”区域公路通行能力分布状况存在不平衡现象,中东欧、中国、印度形成“三极”,通行能力明显高于其他区域,中亚、西亚、东北亚等地区由于公路覆盖率低、缺少高等级公路成为通行能力薄弱区域。② 受累积空间距离、跨境通关时间、公路网的完善程度以及政治局势等因素影响,“一带一路”区域通行便捷性在空间分布上大致呈现“中东欧-中国”双峰结构;区域之间乃至区域内部国家间通行便捷性差异显著,从高通行便捷性到低通行便捷性,通达时间由公路行车时间主导过渡到通关累积时间主导,国家间的通关障碍在很大程度上降低了“一带一路”区域公路运输整体通达性水平。  相似文献